How Do Use Et Al
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Updated july 18 2019.
How do use et al. Articles with three four or five authors include all names in the first in text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. The abbreviation et al. For a work with one or two authors include the name s in every citation. Essentially means and others extra or in addition it is the abbreviated form of the latin expression et alia or et alii or et aliae the masculine and feminine form of the plural respectively. To show it is an abbreviation.
With in text citation is there. For all in text citations. On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. For example you might write. For sources with four or more authors use the first name followed by et al in your chicago style reference list or bibliography list up to 10 authors.
And articles with six or more authors are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. Here is how this could look. Place a comma after the year then use p for a single page or pp for a range. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al. The use of et al is the same in both styles.
Is most commonly found in scholarly writing especially when used to avoid having to list a number of different authors in a bibliography or footnote. Along with the year of publication the page number or page range goes in a parenthetical after the author s name in your text not at the end of the sentence. You can use it when describing the people who came to a dinner party but it may sound rather odd. Dusek bakke 2019 or. Indicates other contributors authors editors etc in a bibliographic list such as feynman hawking sagan et al there should always be a period after et al.
This phrase means and others most commonly et al. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. According to lai and sookochoff 2018. Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation. For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date.
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