How To Use Et Al In Citation

In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity.

How to use et al in citation. Articles with three four or five authors include all names in the first in text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. Should not be confused with etc. For in text citations the first author s surname is followed by et al example. Include the surname of the first author followed by et al if the source you re citing has 4 or more authors type the surname of the first author listed on the title page followed by a space and the abbreviation et al then type a space and add the year the source was published. Russell tony et al.

As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al. You can use et al. Encyclopedia of halloween costumes. The phrase et al is used with in text citations only when referencing a source that has three or more authors. In your reference list citation of a major reference book with a large editorial board.

On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. When using et al. Use the lead author s surname and et al. For example blythe et al 2003. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al.

Or other abbreviations that indicate more content than listed. Include the name of only the first author s last name plus et al in every citation. The use of et al is the same in both styles. For example props f. In both the in text citation and in the works cited page.

After the first author. Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation. Use the lead author s name and et al. For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others.