When And How To Use Et Al
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This is a big change from the 6 th edition where it was also used in the reference list.
When and how to use et al. For example you might write. Can be used after the first name to indicate that there are more than two other authors who worked on the project. Along with the year of publication the page number or page range goes in a parenthetical after the author s name in your text not at the end of the sentence. Often appears in academic documents. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations.
Place a comma after the year then use p for a single page or pp for a range. The phrase et al is used with in text citations only when referencing a source that has three or more authors. Et al is short for the latin term et alia meaning and others it is used in academic citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. A period is always used after et al since the term is used to abbreviate the latin term et alii there are several rules however both formal and informal that are required for proper usage of et al. Indicates other contributors authors editors etc in a bibliographic list such as feynman hawking sagan et al there should always be a period after et al.
You can use it when describing the people who came to a dinner party but it may sound rather odd. The abbreviation et al. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. It is generally used in footnotes and citations. Namely use et al.
2019 argue that different citation styles have different rules for when to use et al below we explain the rules for apa mla and chicago. Is most commonly found in scholarly writing especially when used to avoid having to list a number of different authors in a bibliography or footnote. If it happens that all the author names are exactly the same and the studies were published in the same year as well the method of citation described in the reference twins post applies. As usual but also include lowercase letters after the year 2010a 2010b etc to tell the references apart. Means and others and abbreviates people in a list while etc.
Are used frequently and often incorrectly. This means that references in apa 7 do not use the phrase et al in text citation format with et al. Can be used to abbreviate almost anything. This phrase means and others most commonly et al. For example when a book has multiple authors et al.
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